Thabela Libaka Tse Hloahloa tsa Lithaba Tsa Literene Tsa Litlhapi India
Literene tsa India tsa likoloi ke literene tse nyenyane tse tsamaeang litseleng tsa khale tsa literene, tse hahiloeng ke Brithani ho ella bofelong ba lekholo la bo19 la lilemo le lekholong la bo20 la lilemo ho fana ka litša tsa maralla. Le hoja literene tsena li le butle 'me li nka lihora tse 8 ho fihla libakeng tseo li eang ho tsona, sebaka se setle ke se setle, ho etsa hore maeto a be a bohlokoa haholo. Litsela tse tharo tsa literene tsa lithaba - Terene ea Kalka-Shimla, Nilgiri Mountain Railway le Terene ea Himalaya ea Darjeeling - li nkoa e le libaka tsa Bohlokoahali ba Lefatše la UNESCO kaha ke mehlala e hlaheletseng ea mekhoa ea boenjiniere ea ho haha.
01 ea 05
Kalka-Shimla Railway, Himachal Pradesh
Amar Grover / Getty Images Koetlisi ea litlhapi tsa Kalka-Shimla ke mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa ho fihla Shimla, eo e kileng ea e-ba motse-moholo oa lehlabula oa babusi ba Brithani. Terene e ile ea phethoa ka 1903 'me e fana ka e' ngoe ea maeto a literene a tummeng ka ho fetisisa India. E tsamaea le liteishene tsa likerene tse 20, lik'hilomithara tse 800, marokho a 800 le marako a 900 a makatsang! Leeto lohle ho tloha Kalka, haufi le Chandigarh, e nka lihora tse ka bang 5. Leha ho le joalo, batho ba bangata ba khetha ho tsamaea feela ho tloha Barog, kaha ke hona moo mohala o telele ka ho fetisisa le o hlollang ka ho fetisisa o hlahang teng. Ho nyoloha ka holimo ho na le libaka tse ngata tse tsotehang tse bonang mahlo.
02 ea 05
Terene ea Darjeeling ea Himalaya, West Bengal
Jane Sweeney / Getty Images Terene ea likoloi tsa Darjeeling, eo ka molao e tsejoang e le Terene ea Himalaya ea Darjeeling, ke eona e khale ka ho fetisisa ea literene tsa lithaba tsa India. E phethiloe ka 1881, e tsamaisa bapalami ho ea fihla libakeng tse ka tlase tsa Himalaya ea Bochabela ho ea ho maralla le limela tse tala tse tala tsa Darjeeling. Tsela ea terene e tsamaea lik'hilomithara tse 80 ho tloha New Jalpaiguri, profinseng ea West Bengal , ho ea Darjeeling ka Siliguri, Kurseong le Ghoom. E feta liholo tse hlano tse kholo, le marokho a ka bang 500 a nyane.
Haeba u se na letsatsi le le leng la ho nka leeto, lihora tse peli ho tloha Darjeeling ho ea ho Ghoom li ratoa. Sebakeng se bophahamo ba limithara tse 7,400 ka holim'a leoatle, Ghoom ke ntlha e phahameng ka ho fetisisa tseleng. Tsela ea terene e nyoloha ka potlako ka mefuta e 'maloa e tsotehang le e hohelang. Sebaka se seng sa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ke Batasia Loop, pakeng tsa Ghoom le Darjeeling, e fanang ka pono ea pono ea Darjeeling e shebile leralleng le Thaba ea Kanchenjunga ka morao.
03 ea 05
Nilgiri Mountain Railway, Tamil Nadu
Nilgiri Mountain Railway Toy Train. Felix Hug / Getty Images Terene ea libapali e tsamaeang Nilgiri Mountain Railway ke ketsahalo ea bohlokoa ea ho etela setsi sa leralla la Ooty, se thehiloeng ke Brithani e le ntlo-khōlō ea lehlabula ea 'muso oa bona Madras (Chennai). Le hoja terene e ile ea hlophisoa ka 1854, ha ea ka ea phethoa ho fihlela ka 1908 e le sebaka se mabifi le maralla a maholo a meru a ileng a etsa hore mosebetsi o boima. Tsela ea lik'hilomithara tse 28,5 e tloha Metupalaiyam ho ea ho Oorty ka Coonoor, 'me e feta marokho a fetang 250 (ho akarelletsa le maholo a maholo a 32) le ka litsela tse 16. Mokhoa o motle ka ho fetisisa o lutse ka thōko ho Metupalaiyam ho ea Coonoor. Ka lebaka leo, batho ba bang ba tsamaea ka lehlakoreng lena mme ba tloha ho ea jara masimo a tee a Coonoor.
04 ea 05
Matheran Hill Railway, Maharashtra
Matheran Toy Train. Tony Waltham / robertharding / Getty Images. Koetliso e nyenyane e tsebahalang ea Matheran e qalile ka 1907. E beha baeti har'a mebala e mebala-bala ea sebaka se nang le khotso le tšilafalo ea Matheran - moo likoloi tsohle li thibetsoeng, esita le libaesekele. Leeto le qala Neral, hoo e batlang e le pakeng tsa Mumbai le Pune. Le hoja pina e le bolelele ba lik'hilomithara tse 20 feela, terene e nka lihora tse peli le halofo ho fihla tlhōrōng ea leralla kaha e tlameha ho tsamaea butle ka tsela e thata.
05 ea 05
Kangra Valley Railway, Himachal Pradesh
Kangra Valley Railway. Ka GKarunakar / CC BY-SA 3.0 Sekepe sa Kangra Valley, se phethiloeng ka 1929, e ne e le setsi sa ho qetela sa terene sa lithaba. Tsela ea eona e telele e e-ba lik'hilomithara tse 164 ho tloha Pathankot, Punjab ho Joginder Nagar, Himachal Pradesh, ka Kangra (haufi le Dharamsala) le Palampur. Ho fapana le litsela tse ling tse ngata tsa India, li na le lithapo tse peli ha baenjiniere ba qoba ho betha ka maralla. Leeto lohle le nka lihora tse ka bang 10. Leha ho le joalo, boholo ba botle bo botle bo hlaha ka mor'a Kangra 'me bo fetela ka nģ'ane ho Palampur, kaha terene e feta metsaneng le masimong a mahlahahlaha, ka maikutlo a sa tsitsang a lebala la thaba la Dhauladhar. Ke phihlelo e sa lebaleheng ea lehae! Thaba e pakeng tsa Baijnath (moo ho nang le tempele ea boholo-holo ea Shiva) le Joginder Nagar ke eona e kholo ka ho fetisisa, le Ahuj e le sebaka se phahameng ka ho fetisisa ho limithara tse 1,290 ka holim'a leoatle. Sebaka se tummeng sa li-paragliding se bitsoang Bir-Billing se haufi. U hlokomele hore literene tse sebetsang hona joale tseleng ke literene tse sa bolokeheng. Linako li ka fumanoa mona.