Merafo ea mashala e ile ea qala Pennsylvania ka bohareng ba lilemo tsa bo-1700, e tsositsoe ke indasteri ea tšepe ea Bokolone. Motlakase o bonolo (o bonolo) o ile oa koaheloa pele Pennsylvania ka 1760 ho "Coal Hill" (hona joale Mount Washington), ka mose ho Nōka ea Monongahela ho tloha motseng oa Pittsburgh. Mothala o ne o ntšoa marulelong a haufi le leralleng 'me o isoa seketsoaneng ho ea sesoleng sa masole se haufi le Fort Pitt . Ka 1830, motseng oa Pittsburgh (o neng o bitsoa "Motse o Tsufang" bakeng sa tšebeliso ea oona ea mashala a maholo), o ile oa ja lithane tse fetang 400 tsa mashala ka letsatsi.
Histori ea Merafo ea Mashala
Seam ea Motlakase ea Pittsburgh, haholoholo ea mashala a tsoang Seterekeng sa Connellsville, e ne e e-na le mashala a molemo ka ho fetisisa sechabeng bakeng sa ho etsa coke, oli e ka sehloohong bakeng sa libano tsa tšepe. Tšebeliso ea pele ea coke ka sebōping sa tšepe e ile ea e-ba Fayette County, Pennsylvania, ka 1817. Bohareng ba bo-1830 ho amoheloa lioli tsa coke ea linotši, tse neng li bitsoa sebōpeho sa tsona tsa maru, li ile tsa eketsa tšebeliso ea mashala a Pittsburgh ka mokelikeli oa tšepe.
Nakong ea halofo ea ho qetela ea lekholo la bo19 la lilemo, tlhokahalo ea tšepe e ile ea ema haholo, e hlahisoang ke ho eketseha ha seporo sa indasteri ea terene. Palo ea likhutsana tsa mahe a linotši sepakapakeng sa Pittsburgh pakeng tsa 1870 le 1905 se ile sa phahama ho tloha liholong tse ka bang 200 ho isa ho tse 31,000 ho latela litlhoko tse ntseng li eketseha tsa indasteri ea tšepe le ea tšepe; tšebeliso ea bona e ile ea kenngoa ka 1910 hoo e ka bang 48 000. Ho hlahisa liminerale tsa mashala haufi le marulelo a mashala a Pittsburgh ho ile ha eketseha ho tloha ho lithane tse mashome a limilione tse 4,3 tsa mashala ka 1880 ho isa tlhōrōng ea lithane tse limilione tse 40 ka 1916.
Lithane tse fetang limilione tse likete tse 10 tsa mashala a mongobo li 'nile tsa fokotseha likarolong tse 21 tsa Pennsylvania (haholo-holo likarolong tse ka bophirimela) nakong ea lilemo tse 200+ tse fetileng tsa morafo. Sena ke hoo e batlang e le karolo ea bone ea mashala a kileng a etsoa United States. Likarolo tsa Pennsylvania tse nang le liqhomane tsa mashala, tse khetholloang ho ea ka tlhahiso, li kenyeletsa Greene, Somerset, Armstrong, Indiana, Clearfield, Washington, Cambria, Jefferson, Westmoreland, Clarion, Elk, Fayette, Lycoming, Butler, Lawrence, Centre, Beaver, Blair, Allegheny , Venango, le Mercer.
Hona joale Pennsylvania ke e 'ngoe ea linaha tse khōlō ka ho fetisisa tsa ho hlahisa mashala United States.
Likotsi tsa Mantsoe a Makha ea Motlakase Bophirimela Pennsylvania
E 'ngoe ea likoluoa tsa ka tse mpe ka ho fetisisa United States li ile tsa etsahala Darling ea Darr, Westmanland County ka la 19 December, 1907, ha ho phatloha ha khase le lerōle ho bolaile batho ba 239. Likoluoa tse ling tse kholo tsa meriana tsa Bophirimela Pennsylvania li kenyelletsa ho phatloha ha Mine ea Harwick ea 1904 e ileng ea bolaea batho ba 179 ba merafong hammoho le bapholosi ba babeli le Marianna Mine Disaster ea 1908 e ileng ea bolaea basebetsi ba morafatsi ba mashala a 129. Litaba tse mabapi le likoluoa tsa merafo tsa mashala tsa Pennsylvania tsa lehae li ka fumanoa melaetsa ea kotsi ea mashala ea Pennsylvania ea mashala, Inthaneteng Pennsylvania State Archives, e ngotseng likotsi tsa merafo ka lilemo tsa 1899-1972. Ka mohopolo oa morao tjena, Mine ea Quecreek e Somerset County, Pennsylvania, e ile ea hapa tlhokomelo ea batho lefats'eng lohle e le basebetsi ba merafong ba robong ba koaletsoeng ka tlas'a lefatše ka matsatsi a mararo qetellong ba pholosoa ba phela.
Leeto la Makhooa a Bophirimela la Pennsylvania
Ka Sephiri sa 'Mino : Lekhetlo lena le neng le sebetsa morao-rao oa mashala, o sebetsa feela joaloka moeneng oa bahahlauli, o nang le maeto a sekhukhu a tsamaisoang ke basebeletsi ba' muso ba kileng ba sebetsa merafong. Mine e Bonngoeng e Bonoa e fumanehang Cambria County, Pennsylvania, ke karolo ea tsela ea tsoelo-pele ea leeto la naha ea lefa.
Lekala la Makhotla oa Motlakase le Musiamo: Nka leeto la thuto ka morao oa merafong oa Tarentum moo basebetsi ba nang le tsebo ba nang le tsebo ba fanang ka lipontšo tse phelang tsa mefuta e fapa-fapaneng ea lisebelisoa tsa merafo ho fa baeti maikutlo a hore na ke eng le hore ba rata ho sebetsa morafong oa mashala.
Windber Coal Heritage Centre: Hlahloba Setsi sa Mining Community mme u bone hore na "Black Gold" ea Pennsylvania e susumelitse bophelo ba baahi. Windber Coal Heritage Centre ke eona feela mohlokomeli oa li-museum o ka bochabela oa United States o inehetseng ho bolella pale ea bophelo ba letsatsi le leng le le leng ba basebetsi ba merafong le malapa a bona.